Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery, often referred to as oculoplastic surgery, is plastic surgery focused on the structures surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, orbit (bones and contents of the eye socket), lacrimal system (tear duct system), forehead, and midface area. Because surgery in these areas can affect the comfort and use of your eyes, ophthalmic plastic surgeons are best qualified to perform these delicate and intricate procedures.
Reconstructive Surgery: Aims to restore normal function to the eye or improve vision. It is usually performed due to injuries, diseases, or congenital deformities.
It includes procedures like:
Eyelid drooping is excess sagging of the upper eyelid. The edge of the upper eyelid may be lower than it should be (ptosis) or there may be excess baggy skin in the upper eyelid (dermatochalasis). Eyelid drooping is often a combination of both conditions. In some severe cases, ptosis can cause the eyelid to sag so much that it interferes with a patient’s vision. Droopy eyelids pose many issues for men and women, from trouble with vision restricting the field of vision to aesthetic concerns such as looking tired, asymmetric and older. Ptosis can affect children and adults.
Is a cosmetic procedure that corrects loose, sagging skin and excess tissue on the upper or lower eyelids lids. During the operation, an incision on the natural crease of the eyelid is created. Excess skin and tissue are carefully removed, and the remaining skin and tissue are tightened and lifted into a more youthful position.
Is primarily functional. Ptosis repair tightens or shortens the eyelid muscle so that it can once again lift and open the eyelid adequately. The details of the procedure depend on the cause and severity of the ptosis.
Entropion is a form of eyelid malposition that causes the eyelids to face inward. This causes the eyelashes to rub against the cornea, which can irritate or inflame the eye. There are several different types of entropion, the most common being involutional lower eyelid entropion. It typically affects the lower eyelid when the supporting eyelid muscles and tissues under the eye become lax with age.
Ectropion is a sagging or outward turning of an eyelid margin. Ectropion most often affects either one or both lower eyelids. But it can affect the upper eyelid as well. When your eyelids turn outward, the cornea and conjunctiva are exposed. They can get dry, irritated, and even infected. This can lead to serious symptoms.
1- Wear the eye shield postoperative as instructed by your doctor and use cold compress to relive swelling .
2- Eye lubrication is imperative to prevent eye damage.
3- .Use an eye ointment and wearing a moisture shield over your eye is particularly useful overnight .
Thyroid Eye Disease is an autoimmune disease in which the eye muscles and fatty tissue behind the eye become inflamed. This inflammation can push the eyes forward (“staring” or “bulging”) or cause the eyes and eyelids to become red and swollen.
In some individuals, the inflammation may involve the eye muscles, causing the eyes to become out of line, leading to double vision.
Some patients with Thyroid Eye Disease are left with permanent double vision or a change in the appearance of their eyes, for which surgery may be recommended. Surgery is typically performed as a part of rehabilitative therapy once the inflammation has resolved and may involve:
The most common symptoms of TED include:
1- Quitting smoking.
2- TED treatments are less effective for current smokers.
3- Taking selenium supplements, which are available over the counter.
4- Maintaining normal levels of thyroid hormones.
5- Test your blood regularly and follow your doctor’s instructions, including taking prescribed medications.
When a bump on the eyelid is cancerous, a patient usually requires surgery to have it removed, which leaves behind a hole. Oculoplastic surgeons rely on specialized surgical techniques to reconstruct the eyelid to ensure the health of the eye and to leave it looking as cosmetically normal as possible.
Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland located in the upper outer corner of the eye and the tear glands in the inner corner of the eye.
When we blink, they are spread across the eye to lubricate the entire surface and then drain into the nasolacrimal system through a narrow passage called the canaliculus. They eventually drain from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity at the back of the nose and throat and evaporate. This is why your nose runs when you cry or peel an onion.
If the tear ducts are obstructed, you could have excessive tearing to the point of tears running down your cheeks and interfering with vision. This can lead to excessive tearing, discharge, and recurrent eye infections. Surgery may be necessary when conservative treatments fail.
Type of surgeries:
1. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR):
The Procedure: This is the most common surgery for treating tear duct obstruction. It involves creating a new drainage pathway from the tear sac (dacryocyst) directly into the nasal cavity.
Approach: The surgery can be performed using an external approach (making an incision on the side of the nose) or an endoscopic approach (using a thin, flexible tube through the nasal passages).
Recovery: Patients usually go home the same day, and recovery may take a few weeks.
2.Silicone Tube Placement:
The Procedure: In cases where there is partial obstruction, a silicone tube may be placed in the tear duct to keep it open and allow tears to drain properly.
Duration: The tube is typically left in place for a few months before being removed.
3. Balloon Dilation:
The Procedure: A small balloon is inserted into the tear duct and inflated to widen the opening. This is a less invasive option.
Recovery: This procedure often has a quick recovery time and can be done in an outpatient setting.
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